Med Microbiol Immunol (Berl) 1999 May;187(4):199-204
   
Inhibition of poliovirus type 1 infection by iron-, manganese- and
zinc-saturated lactoferrin.

    Marchetti M, Superti F, Ammendolia MG, Rossi P, Valenti P, Seganti L
    
   Institute of Microbiology, University of Rome, La Sapienza, Italy.
   
   In this study we investigated the inhibitory activity of different
   milk proteins on poliovirus infection in Vero cells. Proteins analyzed
   were mucin, alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin, and bovine and
   human lactoferrin. Viral cytopathic effect was not prevented by mucin,
   alpha-lactalbumin or beta-lactoglobulin, whereas the lactoferrins
   tested were able to inhibit the replication of poliovirus in a
   dose-dependent manner. Further experiments were carried out in which
   apo- and native lactoferrin or lactoferrin fully saturated with
   ferric, manganese or zinc ions were added to the cells during
   different phases of viral infection. Results obtained demonstrated
   that all lactoferrins were able to prevent viral replication when
   present during the entire cycle of poliovirus infection or during the
   viral adsorption step. Only zinc lactoferrin strongly inhibited viral
   infection when incubated with the cells after the viral attachment,
   being the inhibition directly correlated with the degree of zinc
   saturation. Our results demonstrated that all lactoferrins interfered
   with an early phase of poliovirus infection; zinc lactoferrin was the
   sole compound capable of inhibiting a phase of infection subsequent to
   virus internalization into the host cells.
   
   PMID: 10363676, UI: 99290344
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